Nematollahi N, Doronila A, Mornane P, Duan A, Kolev SD, Steinemann A (2018a) Volatile chemical emissions from fragranced baby products. Air Qual Atmos Health 11(7):785–790 Asthmatic individuals: air fresheners and deodorizers (36.7%), fragranced laundry products coming from a dryer vent (18.1%), being in a room after it has been cleaned with fragranced products (32.9%), being near someone who is wearing a fragranced product (38.7%), and other types of fragranced consumer products (37.5%). Steinemann A (2017a) Health and societal effects from fragranced consumer products. Prev Med Rep 5:45–47 Steinemann AC, MacGregor IC, Gordon SM, Gallagher LG, Davis AL, Ribeiro DS, Wallace LA (2011) Fragranced consumer products: chemicals emitted, ingredients unlisted. Environ Impact Assess Rev 31(3):328–333 Steinemann A (2018c) Fragranced consumer products: effects on asthmatics. Air Qual Atmos Health 11(1):3–9

Nazaroff WW, Weschler CJ (2004) Cleaning products and air fresheners: exposure to primary and secondary air pollutants. Atmos Environ 38(18):2841–2865 For vulnerable sub-populations, the frequencies of the types of adverse health effects (% relative to that sub-population) include the following: Discrimination Act (Diskrimineringslagen) (DA) (2008) SFS No: 2008: 567, Section 5:4. Definition of disability https://www.riksdagen.se/sv/dokument-lagar/dokument/svensk-forfattningssamling/diskrimineringslag-2008567_sfs-2008-567 https://www.government.se/contentassets/6732121a2cb54ee3b21da9c628b6bdc7/oversattning-diskrimineringslagen_eng.pdf. Accessed 18 April 2019 Nematollahi N, Kolev S, Steinemann A (2019) Volatile chemical emissions from 134 common consumer products. Air Qual Atmos Health 12(11):1259–1265A “fragrance” is a scent and, despite its singular name, it is a formulation of dozens of chemicals, such as volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Nearly 4000 ingredients have been documented for use in the composition of a fragrance (IFRA 2020b). A fragrance is generally intended to “provide an aroma, to mask an odor, or both” (Steinemann 2019a). Simmering Granules also known as Scented Sizzlers/Crystals are a very popular alternative to oils or wax, they are versatile little bursts of fragrance for your home. Simmering Granules are a natural salt based product with added colour and fragrance for use in oil or wax burners. Sell C (ed) (2006) The chemistry of fragrances: from perfumer to consumer, 2nd edn. The Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge

Nazaroff WW, Weschler CJ (2004) Cleaning products and air fresheners: exposure to primary and secondary air pollutants. Atmos Environ 38:2841–2865Edwards RD, Jurvelin J, Koistinen K, Saarela K, Jantunen M (2001) VOC source identification from personal and residential indoor, outdoor and workplace microenvironment samples in EXPOLIS-Helsinki, Finland, Atmos. Environ. 35:4829–4841 Exposure contexts included the following: air fresheners or deodorizers used within indoor environments; scented laundry products coming from a dryer vent; being in a room after it was cleaned with scented cleaning products; being near someone wearing a fragranced product; and exposure to other types of fragranced consumer products. Steinemann A (2018d) Fragranced consumer products: effects on autistic adults in the United States, Australia, and United Kingdom. Air Quality, Atmosphere, and Health, Sept:1–6 After a number of uses the colour will fade and your scent will be unnoticeable, simply dispose of the used granules and add a fresh scoop to repeat the process. Steinemann A (2018b) Fragranced consumer products: effects on autistic adults in the United States, Australia, and United Kingdom. Air Qual Atmos Health 11(10):1137–1142

Goodman NB, Wheeler AJ, Paevere PJ, Agosti G, Nematollahi N, Steinemann A (2019b) Emissions from dryer vents during use of fragranced and fragrance-free laundry products. Air Qual Atmos Health 12(3):289–295

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Study strengths include the following: (a) sample populations in each country were statistically representative of age, gender, and region; (b) respondents were randomly recruited from large web-based panels developed from multiple sources to reflect population characteristics; and (c) the survey employed questions from large national studies previously conducted and published to promote replicability and comparability.